Chemical engineers are essential for developing, designing, and operating processes crucial to society. According to Hardigg, engineering can be made understandable to the public by discussing four major concepts: structures, machines, networks, and processes. The focus on processes is what sets chemical engineering apart from other engineering fields. However, designing chemical plants also requires input from other engineering disciplines. Students transitioning to process design need to think more globally, moving beyond their compartmentalized education, which can be challenging. One student noted that process design was a completely new way of thinking for him. To stay updated on the skills needed for process engineers, the author reads job ads. For instance, General Dynamics in San Diego seeks chemical engineers with experience in plant operations or process engineering because they bring a comprehensive process perspective and strong problem-solving abilities.
See Full PDF See Full PDFChemical engineers are essential for developing, designing, and operating processes crucial to society. According to Hardigg, engineering can be made understandable to the public by discussing four major concepts: structures, machines, networks, and processes. The focus on processes is what sets chemical engineering apart from other engineering fields. However, designing chemical plants also requires input from other engineering disciplines. Students transitioning to process design need to think more globally, moving beyond their compartmentalized education, which can be challenging. One student noted that process design was a completely new way of thinking for him. To stay updated on the skills needed for process engineers, the author reads job ads. For instance, General Dynamics in San Diego seeks chemical engineers with experience in plant operations or process engineering because they bring a comprehensive process perspective and strong problem-solving abilities.
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This complete revision of Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants, Volume 1 builds upon Ernest E. Ludwig's classic text to further enhance its use as a chemical engineering process design manual of methods and proven fundamentals. This new edition includes important supplemental mechanical and related data, nomographs and charts. Also included within are improved techniques and fundamental methodologies, to guide the engineer in designing process equipment and applying chemical processes to properly detailed equipment.
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EPUB is an open, industry-standard format for e-books. However, support for EPUB and its many features varies across reading devices and applications. Use your device or app settings to customize the presentation to your liking. Settings that you can customize often include font, font size, single or double column, landscape or portrait mode, and figures that you can click or tap to enlarge. For additional information about the settings and features on your reading device or app, visit the device manufacturer's Web site. Many titles include programming code or configuration examples. To optimize the presentation of these elements, view the e-book in single-column, landscape mode and adjust the font size to the smallest setting. In addition to presenting code and configurations in the reflowable text format, we have included images of the code that mimic the presentation found in the print book; therefore, where the reflowable format may compromise the presentation of the code listing, you will see a "Click here to view code image" link. Click the link to view the print-fidelity code image. To return to the previous page viewed, click the Back button on your device or app.
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EPUB is an open, industry-standard format for e-books. However, support for EPUB and its many features varies across reading devices and applications. Use your device or app settings to customize the presentation to your liking. Settings that you can customize often include font, font size, single or double column, landscape or portrait mode, and figures that you can click or tap to enlarge. For additional information about the settings and features on your reading device or app, visit the device manufacturer's Web site. Many titles include programming code or configuration examples. To optimize the presentation of these elements, view the e-book in single-column, landscape mode and adjust the font size to the smallest setting. In addition to presenting code and configurations in the reflowable text format, we have included images of the code that mimic the presentation found in the print book; therefore, where the reflowable format may compromise the presentation of the code listing, you will see a "Click here to view code image" link. Click the link to view the print-fidelity code image. To return to the previous page viewed, click the Back button on your device or app.
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As carbon emissions become a growing cause for global concern, greater pressure has been placed on industry to develop innovative alternatives to traditional commodity chemical production. In order to investigate such an alternative, a design report has been written examining the construction and economic feasibility of a Solar-Thermal Biomass Gasification facility. This facility will serve as an alternative means of high-purity, industrial scale methanol production. The facility modeled here utilizes 204 million pounds of corn stover biomass per year as feed stock, employs 111 full-time operators, and produces 58,300,000 gal/year of methanol end product. The plant operates in five distinct subunits. Waste corn stover enters the biomass pre-processing portion of the facility where it is ground into usable cellulose and lignin. The usable biomass is then sent to the biomass gasification subsystem, in which a series of three reactors convert the biomass to methanol. In order to mitigate the environmental impact and utility costs of the largest reactor, a solar field operating as part of the facility supplies thermal energy to the solar reactor. An amine scrubbing system purifies the waste gas stream of environmental toxins, while the final stage of product processing entails the purification of the end product methanol, resulting in a final product stream with 99.97% purity by weight. The capital cost of the facility was determined to be $300.5M. An economic analysis was performed for plant operation in which 12.5% fixed IRR was stipulated for facility investors. This economic analysis returned a 10.8% ROI, 9.2 year PBP and $62.462M NPV based on a 30-year expected facility lifespan with a single year construction period and single year of 50% capacity startup operation. In order to obtain the required 12.5% IRR, the final product selling price was determined to be $1.69/gal methanol. This price is not competitive with the current commodity market value of $1.05/gal (Methanex, 2015). Because of the facility’s inability to ensure investors suitable returns while meeting end-product market value, it is the recommendation of this design team that the Solar-Thermal Biomass Gasification facility not be constructed. In the event that a carbon credit is granted to the facility to incentivize eco-forward industry, a subsidy of $0.21/lb CO2 avoided would be required to reduce the product selling price to market value and render the project economically viable.
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